DEFINITIONS The K2000 stores all user programmable information as objects. There are many different types of objects including PROGRAMS, SETUPS, QUICK ACCESS BANKS, EFFECTS, SONGS and others. A PROGRAM includes all the parameters that make up a voice, or patch. You select PROGRAMS in Program Mode. A SETUP is a preset arrangement of up to three PROGRAMS mapped across the keyboard; it is sometimes referred to as a Performance or Combination by other manufacturers. You select SETUPS in the Setup Mode. A QUICK ACCESS BANK contains 10 PROGRAMS or SETUPS in any combination. They are selected in QUICK ACCESS mode. An EFFECT program is a snapshot of all of the multi effects settings. Effects are selected in Effect Mode. A SONG is a sequence either created realtime (in the K2000) or you may load in type '0' Standard MIDI Sequence files into the user RAM memory of the K2000. You select SONGS in SONG mode. HOOK UP / REALTIME CONTROLLERS Let's take a few moments to familiarize you with the back panel of the K2000. On left are the on/off switch, A.C. receptacle and battery cover, which allows you easy access to the internal batteries which back up user created programs. The voltage selector allows the K2000 to operate in different countries around the world without the need for an external power transformer. The back panel connectors are clearly labelled for easy identification. Continuing to the right, we see the headphone input for use with standard 600 ohm headphones. To the right of the headphone input are the MIX outputs or stereo master outs. Next to the MIX outs are the 4 separate outs. A-left and right and B-left and right can be used as 4 separate outs or two stereo pairs. The separate outs can serve as insert points allowing you to separate sounds from the MIX outs and send them to an external effects unit. The output of the external effects unit can be returned to the K2000 and re-assigned to the MIX outs. To the right of the output groups are the footswitch/controller inputs. The default for footswitch 1 is sustain and for footswitch 2 is sostenuto; the control pedal's default is MIDI control #4 Foot. The footswitches and control pedal are completely programmable. Other realtime controllers will be pointed out when we look at the front control panel in the next section. The right of the back panel contains the 'media' connectors for interfacing with MIDI devices, external hard drives and CD ROM via the SCSI connector. The K2000s we will be using feature the "optional " sampling board, providing 1/4" stereo analog input for user sampling from line level sources such as keyboards and guitars. To the right of the analog input are the digital ins which support SPDIF (via the XLR connectors), optical connector, and AES-EBU connector (also the XLR connectors). These are provided for digital transfer from DAT recorders, CD players, or other samplers. The Sampling Board IS AN OPTION and does not come with the K2000. It is standard equipment on all 'S' models. THE FRONT PANEL In this section, we will tour the front panel and explore the user interface. Many years of research went into designing the interface so that you can get the most out of your instrument in as little time as possible. Let's look at the control panel from left to right. You will notice that there are 2 standard wheels; the left wheel always sends MIDI pitch bend information and can also be used as a control source for modulation. The right wheel is programmable and its default is MIDI control 1 Mod Wheel. Next to the wheels are 2 sliders: Volume (which controls the volume of the MIX outs only) and Controller (which can be assigned to control any function such as changing MIDI volume, sweeping a filter's cut-off, crossfading between 2 sounds, and many other things). Its default is MIDI control 6 data. To the right of the sliders are a group of 8 buttons which define the various modes of operation on the K2000. Look at the information found on the front panel. The white titles highlight the 8 operating modes. Green titles apply when editing any of these modes. Let's give a brief description of each of these 8 modes and 8 editing functions. THE 8 MODES PROGRAM MODE (Mute 1): By pressing the upper left hand button marked PROGRAM, you enter the main operating mode of the K2000. In Program mode you select programs. To the right of the program button is an LED which will illuminate to confirm that the K2000 is in Program mode. There are 3 ways to select a program: rotate the alpha wheel to scroll, press the - or + (decrement or increment) buttons, or enter the program number on the alpha-numeric keypad located on the right of the control panel. Press the ENTER button to initiate your selection. It's not necessary to press ENTER if you're selecting programs by scrolling with the alpha wheel or - or + buttons. A program can contain up to 3 layers. Each layer contains a keymap (the samples as they're arranged on the keyboard and all the associated parameter settings). These layers can overlap or be split. Programs are arranged in banks of 100 programs, where bank 0 contains programs 1 - 99, bank 1 contains 100 -199 and so on. Any bank of programs can be saved and loaded into any other bank. When you're editing a program on the K2000, the PROGRAM button will be used for muting layer 1 in a particular program. SETUP MODE (Mute 2): Let's look at SETUP mode. We can define a setup as a kind of Super Program allowing for three different programs to be layered, split, or overlapped. Remember, programs can have up to 3 layers. In SETUP Mode, up to 9 layers can be arranged across the keyboard in any location you choose. When editing a program on the K2000, the SETUP button will be used for muting layer 2 in a particular program. QUICK ACCESS MODE (Mute 3): Quick access mode is designed to aid in live performance and offer flexibility to the session musician. Quick access banks are provided to help you organize your sounds by saving your favorite programs and setups as an organized group. A Quick Access bank can contain 10 programs or setups in any combination. You can program up to 20 different QA lists per bank. Each list contains up to 10 entries (any mix of programs or setups). When you select a list, all 10 programs and setups will be visible in the display for immediate selection. The K2000 comes shipped with a few template banks. When editing a program on the K2000, the Quick Access button will be used for muting layer 3 in a particular program. EFFECT MODE (FX Bypass): When we refer to effects, we mean reverb, delay, chorus, etc. The K2000 has a powerful multi-effects processor allowing you to select algorithms that contain up to 4 effects simultaneously. We have provided you with factory effects programs which you can edit to create your own effects programs. Because the effects processor is global and applies to all sounds, we felt that it was important to allow you a way of directly accessing the effects processor. You can quickly adjust your wet/dry mix, edit and change the effects program, or allow the K2000 to ignore effects which were part of a particular program in favor of a master setting which will not change as you change your programs. When you are editing a K2000 program, the EFFECTS MODE button will allow you to bypass any effects which were preset. MIDI MODE (Prev Pg): In MIDI mode you find all the parameters regarding MIDI operation, including selecting Omni, Poly, and Multi mode, assigning programs to MIDI channels and MIDI controller send and receive information. When editing a program on the K2000, the MIDI button will allow you to return to the previous page you had been looking at. This can be very handy when going back and forth between two pages like envelope and amplifier. MASTER MODE (Mark): In MASTER mode you will find all those parameters which apply to the entire instrument, like global transpose and global intonation tables. When editing a K2000 program, the MASTER button will be used for marking particular pages which you will want to use often; you can set up a kind of short cut to cycle through only those pages which are important to you. SONG MODE (Jump): The K2000 can play back type O MIDI files. A type O file can contain sequences which were created with computer sequence programs like MOTU's Performera, Opcode's Visiona or Dr.T, etc. These can be loaded into your K2000's user memory via disk and played back from the K2000's sequencer; you must use a standard DOS formatted disk (Macintosh's Apple File Exchangea or Access PCa will allow you to format floppies as DOS using an HD [super drive] drive, standard equipment on Mac SE HD, SE 30, all II models, and Mac Quadra computers). Further, these sequences can be saved to the instrument's internal floppy, an optional external SCSI hard drive, or an optional internal hard drive. This feature allows you to use the K2000 in place of your computer as a play-only sequencer. We have loaded in some demo songs from the factory which we will listen to in just a few minutes. When editing a program, the SONG button will be used for jumping to particular pages which you had previously marked with the mark button. DISK Mode (Compare): Disk mode deals with all storage media. You will select this mode when you wish to save or load samples, programs etc., to or from the K2000's floppy drive. This mode also allows you access to optional external SCSI drives, CD ROM drives or an optional internal hard drive. When editing a program, the DISK button will be used to compare the edited program with the original. To the right of the 8 mode buttons are two buttons: one with an up and one with a down arrow. These perform a variety of functions. For example, when the K2000 is in PROGRAM mode, use these buttons to scroll through the MIDI channels in software versions 1.0 and 2.0. This functionality was disabled in version 1.3. When you're editing a program, use these buttons to scroll through the layers in that program. When editing a SETUP, these buttons will be used to scroll through the three zones. When the instrument is in QUICK ACCESS mode, these buttons are used to select banks. Finally, these buttons are used when you're in MIDI mode, CHANNEL page, to scroll through MIDI channels and view the assigned programs and parameters. Directly beneath the CHAN/BANK buttons is the EDIT button. This button takes the K2000 from the normal Play state into the Edit state. This button is used to edit PROGRAMS, SETUPS, QUICK ACCESS banks, EFFECTS, as well as MIDI, MASTER, and SONG parameters. There are 6 soft touch buttons underneath the generous 240 X 64 display. These are used to select the various pages which you will use when editing the K2000. To the right of the display are the cursor buttons which perform a number of functions, primarily allowing you to navigate around the information shown in the display. Below the cursor is the EXIT button, which allows you to exit the EDIT mode. The rest of the control panel is devoted to data entry. To the right of the cursor buttons are the alpha wheel and decrement/increment buttons. These are used for changing values, scrolling through programs, setups, and quick access banks or selecting files from the disk directory. Finally, on the far right of the control panel is the alpha-numeric keypad, used when naming programs, banks etc., or entering specific numbered values. You will appreciate how easy it becomes to name things with this keypad. Directly under the buttons numbered 1 - 9 are three buttons side-by-side labeled - /+, 0, and CLR respectively. Under these buttons you'll see sub text labelling the same buttons as UPPER/lower, 0 - 9, and Space. The button labelled - /+ is used when you've entered a numeric value and you want to switch it from a positive value to a negative value and vice versa. When you are naming a file, program, setup, etc., this button toggles between upper case and lower case letters. The button marked 0 will enter a value of 0 when programming. When naming, this button allows you to scroll through numbers 0 - 9. The button marked CLR is used to clear a particular numeric value and reset the parameter to its lowest value. When naming, this button erases the letter or number over the cursor and leaves a blank space. Right underneath these buttons are two buttons found side by side marked ENTER and CANCEL respectively. It is not necessary to press the ENTER button when you are saving an edited Program, Setup or Quick Access map. You press ENTER after selecting a program number on the alpha-numeric keypad to confirm your choice. The CANCEL button acts as an undo or clear button when you change your mind about a particular Program/Setup number you've just typed, provided you haven't pressed the ENTER button yet. This concludes the front panel tour, now let's get into more specifics. DISK OPERATION The disk system in the K2000 is MS DOS based, using 3.5' HD or DD diskettes. If you name your programs using only 8 upper case letters, you will be able to read these disks on an IBM compatible computer and copy or erase files on your computer. You may also load any Type '0' Standard MIDI file as well as type .MID files (only type '0' is supported) for loading GM sequences or other sequences into your K2000 via floppy or SCSI. When viewing a K2000 disk on an IBM computer, you will notice the .KRZ file extention. Be sure to have some blank disks on hand at all times to back up your work. Let's take a closer look at the DISK mode. Press DISK. The display shows you several pages: . Pressing the soft key buttons will also reveal additional functions including: BACK-UP, COPY, SLEEP and FORMAT, which you can select by pressing one of the soft buttons found directly beneath each page. The SLEEP button allows you to turn off SCSI devices, provided the drive manufacturer supports this option. At the end of this tutorial, there is a complete up to date list of the drives we support. MEMORY LOCATIONS/BANKS Your K2000 has 799 user programmable locations ranging from 200 to 999. You would fill your user memory long before you could fill up these locations. We have provided ample locations to accomodate the P/RAM memory expansion option. Locations 900-999 will be taken up if you choose to install the ROM 1 option (orchestral instruments), and 800-899 will be taken up if you install ROM 2 (contemporary instruments). Setups also have 799 memory locations from 200 to 999. As ROM 1 and 2 are added, these will also be reduced. The K2000's user RAM memory is partitioned; you may save different objects using the same numbers (Setup 200, Program 200, Effect Program 200, QA bank 200), yet the different objects will actually be saved to the same bank, i.e. "Save Bank 200" will save all the afore-mentioned objects. There are 160 user Quick Access lists found in the Quick Access Mode. Ten selections can be saved per bank; banks range from 200 to 900. Ten EFX programs can be saved in any one bank; banks range from 200 to 900. When saving a bank to disk, the K2000 automatically saves all Programs, Setups, Quick Access banks and EFX for the selected bank. You may be asked to save 'dependent objects': all associated objects (Programs, Setups, Sequences, Samples, EFX) which exist in other banks. To better understand this concept, think of creating a program (which you will save to the 200-299 bank) using a layer which you had imported from a program residing in the 500-599 bank. Then, imagine you selected an effect from the 400- 499 bank. Lastly, suppose you save your newly created program (call it....say #221 New Program) to the 200-299 bank. When you save the 200-299 bank to disk, you will be asked 'Save dependent objects?', referring to the dependent layer taken from the 500's and the dependent effect taken from the 400's bank. You may also wish to refer to your printed owner's manual for a more detailed explanation. FORMATTING DISKS 1. Write enable (tab in the down position-window closed) a blank disk or one you wish to erase; place it in the drive. 2. Press the DISK button. 3. Press the soft button under Format. 4. Repond to the question "Format this disk?" by pressing the soft button under the YES response. 5. Once again respond YES to the question asking "Continue?". 6. Press the YES button again when the display asks a final time "Are you really sure?". 7. The display will allow you to select whether the disk should be formatted as a 720K or 1.44M disk. 8. When formatting is done the display will return to its previous state. SONG MODE Press the SONG button and look at the display. You can highlght and scroll through various song titles. If no songs exist in memory you will see 2 templates: Metronome 1, and Metronome 2. These templates use whatever program is selected on MIDI channel 16 (User Programmable click sound) as a 'click' metronome. Metronome 1 uses 1/4 notes and metronome 2 uses 8th notes. The bottom row of buttons works like a tape recorder, offerring RECORD, PLAY, and STOP. Press PLAY when you've selected the song you wish to hear and that song will begin playing. Press STOP to stop the song. Press EDIT to Name, Save, Dump (via MIDI Sysex), or Delete (permanently erase) a song. Consult your owners manual to learn how to convert type O MIDI file sequences and load them into the K2000 for playing back. To exit SONG mode, press the EXIT button and return to PROGRAM mode. CREATING PROGRAMS Let's take a quick look at the display. Notice the highlighted pages at the bottom of the display. The OCTAVE- and OCTAVE+ allow you to quickly transpose. The PANIC button allows you to send the All Notes Off command. The VIEW button re-sizes display text. You may select two views: one showing 6 Program or Setup names in a vertical column, and the other showing just one name greatly magnified. Press the VIEW button and notice the display change. The display allows 6 programs to be visible at the same time and they are shown in smaller type. In QUICK ACCESS mode, the VIEW button just re-sizes the program or setup names shown in the display. The CHAN- and CHAN+ soft keys or the CHAN/BANK buttons allow you to change the MIDI channel you're on. Also in this mode, to the left of the program names is a large drop-shadow rectangle showing you how many layers are in the program, which keymaps were used, and the keyboard range for each keymap (represented by the solid line under the keymap name). The top illuminated bar shows you that you are in Program mode, whether or not the program has been transposed, and the MIDI Channel you are on. The display appears the same in SETUP mode except that MIDI and Program information is displayed in the drop shadow box instead of keymaps. Before we begin basic programming, we are going to disable the effects so that you can hear the quality of the sound and filters clearly. To disable your effects: 1. Press the EFFECTS button. 2. Press the down cursor to illuminate the Wet/Dry percentage. 3. Press the 0 button on the keypad and press ENTER. 4. Select the FX Mode parameter and set it to Master. You have successfully disabled your reverb. To return to the program mode, press the PROGRAM button. You may want to listen to the raw sampled sounds before you start editing them. To do this, we'll call up program 199 Default Program. Press the buttons on the keypad (1 9 9) then press ENTER. You have now called up Default Program 199. Press the EDIT button and you will see the main edit screen. You are now looking at the basic building block of the Variable Architecture.... the algorithm. The boxes from left to right represent the signal path through the K2000. Each box in an algorithm represents an individual module. Highlight the Algorithm number (#1) at the top left of the screen. Now, take a moment to turn your alpha dial to view some of the other algorithms. You will notice that the signal flow changes as do the number of active modules. As you will see, each module can have several possible functions other than the one you currently see. Turn your alpha dials back to algorithm one and you will return to algorithm one so you'll be ready when we begin editing. Make sure the DSP module (represented by the large rectangle in the middle of the signal chain diagram in this algorithm) is reset back to None. On the display (from left to right) you will notice the following pages: - indicate additional pages ALGORITHM - used to select the algorithm page LAYER - used to adjust parameters such as keyboard range and delay, as well as enable or disable controllers KEYMAP - used to select the various multi-sampled waveforms PITCH - used to control the pitch of the waveform. We will explore these a bit more in the next example. Press the button under the KEYMAP page and you will see Grand Piano. Turn your alpha wheel, press your - / + buttons to scroll through waveforms, or enter the waveform's number on the keypad. This is the procedure for selecting a waveform. You may now want to take a few moments to listen to the 'raw' waveforms. Before continuing, please return to the Grand Piano keymap. Now let's return to the algorithm page and begin editing. Press the soft key button under algorithm. As you are already aware, a single 2000 program can have up to three layers (keymap of multi-samples, one algorithm, envelopes, LFO's etc.). We allow the user to designate one MIDI channel to accomodate up to 24 layers or 32 splits, which we refer to as the Drum Channel (see 'Most Often Asked Questions' #15 later in this tutorial for more details). To better understand how the 2000 makes sound, you must first understand the heart of V.A.S.T. architecture...the algorithm. An algorithm (when applied to the K2000) can be explained as a set of rules or instructions. Think of an algorithm as the boundaries of real attainable possibilities at your disposal to create your expressive custom sounds. This will become more obvious as we begin programming. There are 31 different algorithms available to you, each offering different possibilities for creating and shaping the sound. Some algorithms allow you to stack up to 4 oscillators (1 multisample + 3 digitally generated DSP waveforms) at the same time without using more than a single voice. In this way, you can create some incredibly 'fat' sounds using a single layer. Some algorithms allow for dynamic stereo panning, parametric EQ and a variety of non-linear functions (shaper, wrap, distortion, etc.). Let's get back to creating a program. In algorithm 1, you'll notice three boxes which represent the synthesis modules used in the current algorithm. Algorithm 1 uses three modules - some use more; the maximum number is five. The first module is Pitch - all algorithms start with a Pitch module. You can't select any other function for this module other than Pitch, however, there are many parameters you can use to control Pitch such as keyboard tracking, velocity to pitch, an LFO, many others. The middle block currently is marked None, however this block offers many possibilities. Press the down cursor one time and highlight the middle block. Rotate the alpha wheel to the right and you will see HIFREQ STIMULATOR, a function which produces an effect similar to an 'aural excitera', enhancing the upper frequencies for that ultimate bright rock piano or a sharp steel string guitar. Press the EDIT button and notice that the top of the display shows you Edit Program 1, Page F1, frequency of the high frequency stimulator. The numeric representation 1/1 (located in the upper right hand corner of the display) indicates this program has 1 layer and that's the one you're editing; this is layer one of a one layer program. Press the MORE> button one time and you will see the Amplitude Page: F1-Frequency, F2-Drive, F3-Amplitude, and F4 Amplitude. The Amplitude page is used to adjust the ove rall volume of this particular layer. The other F keys apply to the stimuator. Most of the editing pages will look like this one, so once you are familiar with this page you will quickly know your way around. You'll notice a coarse and fine adjustment for setting the frequencies you wish to excite. You may also use Key Track to scale the range (hertz) or amplitude (dB) of the stimulator. Velocity tracking allows you to control the effect from touch, and a pad adjustment (padding refers to decreasing gain) is provided in case you overdrive this module to clip. Yes, you can intentionally cause your K2000 to clip or distort if you choose, however, we recommend that you have very tolerant speakers. On the right half of the display you'll notice Source 1 and Depth. You can assign any controller to act as the source input and set the desired active depth. Below Source 1 and Depth is Source 2, for an additional modulation source. Depth control for source 2 will allow you to assign any controller, like pedals, wheels, or the slider, to control the modulation source. Minimum depth for a constant level of modulation and maximum depth to be reached by adjusting the Depth controller are provided. Depth control is useful for creating roto speaker effects where you can change gradually from a light vibrato (Min) to a deep vibrato (Max) at the flick of a wheel. Let's continue editing. Before we adjust any parameters, listen to the un-edited Default program. Let's set the Coarse Frequency control to C016Hz by rotating the alpha wheel to the left. Next, let's set Source1 to Mod Wheel. Press your right cursor one time and you will highlight Source 1. Rotate your alpha wheel slowly to the right until you see MWHEEL, or use the intuitive entry system where you press and hold the ENTER button and move the controller you wish to assign - the MWheel in this case. Take a moment to scroll through the various control sources available to you. They are extremely abbreviated and a complete description of each is available in your user's manual. When you get back to MWHEEL, stop. Press your down cursor one time and highlight DEPTH. Rotate the alpha wheel to the right until you see 10800 cents. Next, press the button under the F2 Page. Notice that the top bar informs you that you are on the high frequency drive page. This page offers almost the same choices as the last one. Set the Adjust to 4dB using your alpha wheel. Set source 1 to MWheel using your cursor and alpha wheel. Set the depth below source 1 to 12 dB. Now, press the button under F3 and you arrive at the Hi Frequency Stimulator Amp page, where you can boost or cut the effect's volume. Set the adjust to 2 dB. Play the piano sample, move the Mod Wheel up and down and notice the effect. Press the soft key once and press F2 RESonance. 5. Using the cursor, highlight DEPTH under source 1, then enter 0 on your keypad to clear the value. 6. Press your up cursor once, then your left cursor once to highlight ADJUST. Set the adjust to 10.0 dB. Press the button under F3 Amp and set the adjust to 8 using your alpha wheel or - / + buttons. Play the keyboard, push the Mod Wheel up and down and listen to the filter sweep. Let's try one more: 1. Press the button once, then press the F1 button. 2. Use your cursor to highlight source 1. For this example, select 33 on your keypad then the ENTER button or scroll on your alpha wheel until you see MPRESSURE. Try playing a note and pressing down hard and listen to the filter sweep. Let's name and save this program to complete this exercise. You may do this two different ways: first you may press the >> ) move the cursor. The OK button should only be selected when naming has been completed. To change letters, you may use the alpha wheel, - / + buttons or the alpha numeric keypad. Remember, the UPPER/LOWER button (located on the lower right of the keypad) changes from upper case to lower case letters. The 0 button (also found on the key pad) will cycle through numbers 0 - 9. Try naming this program Press Sweep 1. When you have named this program press O K. Next press the button under SAVE. Notice that the display will ask you if you wish to replace the original Default Program. If you weren't finished editing, you would press CANCEL, but since we are finished, you'll want to save this program to the next available user program slot. To save the program, press simultaneously both the - and + buttons (increment/decrement buttons under the alpha wheel). Notice that now you will be saving to ID# 200 which is the first available location (f or user programm able programs). Press the button under SAVE and the display will return to the algorithm page. Before we exit, let's take a closer look at the KEYMAP page. Press the KEYMAP soft key button. Notice that you can select and change the keymap which contains the sampled ROM waves; you can transpose and adjust the keymap tracking from the keyboard or velocity and adjust the timbre shift parameter which changes the timbre characteristics of the samples in the keymap. You can set which control source (if any) will enable you to select a factory defined alternate attack (or you can program your own). You can select whether the samples play normally, backwards, bi-directionally, or select noise which disables the current keymap in favor of a noise generator. Noise is often used to create wind and surf type programs. To exit this mode press EXIT. Notice that you are on program 200 Press Sweep 1. Play the K2000 to be sure the program plays as it did before you saved it. To see the other way to save, we'll have to edit this program a bit: 1. Let's once again enter the EDIT mode by pressing the EDIT button now. 2. Press the down cursor one time to highlight the module 4POLE LOPASS W/SEP. 3. Press the EDIT button once again to see the F1 Freq page and change the Coarse adjustment to 17Hz by rotating your alpha wheel one click to the right. 4. Now, press the EXIT button and notice the display prompts "Save Press Sweep 1 before exiting?". Under this prompt are 4 pages: RENAME, CANCEL, YES and NO. 5. Let's Rename Press Sweep 2. Press the button under RENAME now. 6. Press the button under the right arrow (>>>) display until the cursor is under the number 1 (Press Sweep 1 ). 7. You may press the - /+ (increment / decrement) buttons, or the 0 button or you may turn your alpha wheel one click to the right to advance the number to number 2. 8. Press the button under OK. 9. The display will again prompt "Save Press Sweep 2 before exiting?". Press the button under the YES page. Notice the display asks once again if you want to replace the original. 10. Since you don't want to replace the original but rather you want to save this as a new program, press both the - and + (inc/dec) buttons simultaneously to advance to the next open user program location which is program 201. This function takes you to the first available location. 11. Press the soft key under the SAVE page and the display will return to the normal Program mode. 12. Once again enter the EDIT mode by pressing the EDIT button. 13. Press the down cursor button to highlight the 4POLE LOPASS W/SEP module. Continue rotating the alpha wheel and playing the keyboard while pressing harder and softer on the keyboard and you will hear some amazing things as a result of changing the kind of filter selected. Let's describe the type of filters found in algorithm 1. We already mentioned the HIFREQ Stimulator and STEEP RESONANT BASS so we'll pick up with the 4 POLE LOPASS WITH SEParation. The 4 POLE LOPASS WITH SEParation offers a different kind of resonant filter: smoother, great for sweeping the cutoff and sounding like those true great analogs. This filter is also great for precise control of subtle instrumental timbral changes. The 4 POLE HIPASS WITH SEParation is a very dynamic resonant filter which allows you to screen out the lower frequencies and add resonance to pronounce the harmonics. You can create the perfect Clavinet with this filter. The TWIN PEAKS BANDPASS offers you a smooth non resonant filter which can dramatically thin out or fatten up a waveform. The DOUBLE NOTCH W/SEParation allows you to precisely zero in on annoyingly loud harmonics within a waveform or sample and cut them out, or boost frequencies which are weak in the waveform. And finally back to NONE. This is the end of the study of algorithm 1 - and we've just scratched the surface! LAYERS Now it's time to define what a layer is. This is where most of your programming time will spent. Take a few moments to scroll through the various pages, all of which apply to just one layer. To do this, press the MORE> soft key and notice that a layer is made up of many pages, including an algorithm page, an output page, an effects page and many others. Each layer is independent and all parameters are available to you on a per layer basis. See Hands On (Architectural Overview) later in this tutorial. We're going to create a program that will take us around the K2000 quite a bit. This program will be made up of a Rhodes and String layer with a Bass split. The controller slider will turn up and down the Bass volume, and the Mod Wheel will turn up and down the Strings. While creating this program, you will learn how to split and layer sounds, transpose, change volumes, create a user envelope, assign an LFO, have the program dynamically pan, assign your controllers, and assign an effect. When you wish to create a multiple layered program, you have three options; you can: Add a new layer (that is add a raw keymap un-edited), DUPlicate a layer, which means to copy the layer you were previously on, IMPORT a layer, which means adding an entire layer, not just the raw waveform, DELETE a layer, necessary to remove unwanted layers. You can add up to 3 layers per program and as many as 32 layers can be added in Drum Mode. To begin, call up Default Program 199 by pressing 199 and then ENTER. You should be looking at Default Program again. Press the ENTER button and rotate the alpha wheel one click to the right to select Algorithm 2. Press the down cursor to highlight 2POLE LOWPASS. Turn your alpha wheel two clicks to the left and NONE should appear. Let's select the Dual Electric Piano Keymap. Press the KEYMAP button to go to the KEYMAP page and scroll with your alpha wheel one click until you see Dual Elec Piano. Play to cofirm that you are hearing the Dual Elec Piano. Notice the upper right side of the display shows that we're on layer one of a one layer program. The left number always tells the layer you are viewing and the right number tells you how many layers are in that particular program. Next, you'll add the Strings, so let's copy this layer and then you can switch the KEYMAP from Dual Elec Piano to Strings. To copy a layer, press the button, then press the KEYMAP button. Let's change the keymap to strings by rotating our alpha wheel to the right four clicks. Notice that Ensemble Strings are now on layer 2. To see layer one, press either of the layer buttons to the left of the display. Play for a moment to confirm you have layered Strings with the Elec Piano. Now, let's transpose the Strings up one octave, so recall layer two to the display using the CHAN/BANK - Layer/Zone buttons. If you are not already on the Strings, select them now and press your down cursor to highlight TRANSPOSE. You can enter the value on the keypad or just use the alpha wheel and set the transpose for 12 ST. Play to verify. All transposing is done on the KEYMAP page and not the PITCH page. If you were to adjust pitch on the PITCH page you would be pitch shifting the sample playback, not transposing the original sample; this would result in a change in timbre as well as position on the keyboard. Press the PITCH soft key button. Play across the keyboard while rotating the alpha wheel to the right slowly. Hear the pitch shift effect on the String layer. Return this parameter to 0ST. Let's get the Bass into the picture. Again, we want to copy layer 1. Using your CHAN/BANK - Layer/Zone buttons to the left of the display, scroll until you see 1 / 3 in the upper right corner indicating you are on layer one of a three layer program - the layer you will be copying. Press the soft key once and select the KEYMAP page. You should see Dual Elec Piano since we just copied layer one, the Dual Elec Piano. Rotate your alpha wheel to the right until you see Elec Pick Bass. Press the dow n cursor one time to highlight TRANSPOSE again. Tune the bass down an octave using your alpha wheel. Now we have all of our essential elements. Let's proceed. Let's adjust the volume of the layers. Press the MORE> soft key until you see the F4 AMP button and press it. Adjust the volume using your alpha wheel and listen. It is important not to boost too much, as this can cause clipping or distortion. Ideally, it is better to boost from the OUTPUT page rather than from the F4 AMP page, as there is less chance of clipping. Sometimes it's better to cut the volume of other layers rather than to boost too much. Boost the Bass adjust to 8dB. Press the down CHAN/BANK- Layer/Zone button until you see L2 to change the volume of the Strings. Cut the Strings by -8dB, and the Rhodes is fine. If you wanted to adjust it, just press the DOWN CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone button to take you to the Dual Elec Piano amplifier page and boost or cut. Let's adjust the layers' keyboard ranges, starting with the Dual Elec Piano. Remember you can see the layer your are on in the upper right side of the display and change layers with your CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone buttons to the left of the display. Find layer 1. Press the MORE> soft key until you see the LAYER page appear in the display, and press it. Notice that you can set keyboard ranges, adjust velocity trigger threshold (ppp - fff), layer delay, and enable or disable your controllers per layer, not just per program. Using your cursor, highlight LOKEY and using your alpha wheel set it to C4. Do this also for layer 2 Strings. For layer three, the Bass, set the HIKEY to B3. Play your keyboard and confirm that the split and layers are responding. Now we can assign layer two, the Strings, to the Mod Wheel, and the Bass to the Controller slider. There are many ways to do this, the easiest being in the LAYER page. Make sure that you're on layer 2 and in the LAYER page. Use your cursor to highlight ENABLE: ON. Turn the alpha wheel one click to the right and you have assigned this layer to the Mod Wheel. Play and confirm by moving your Mod Wheel - forward to turn on the Strings and back towards you to shut them off. This way is not very expressive since this function works like an On/Off switch. Please set the Enable back to ON, so we can continue. Let's assign the Mod Wheel to gradually turn up and down the volume of the Strings rather than just off and on. Press the MORE> soft key once until you see the F4 AMP page button and press it. Remember, earlier we cut the strings by -8dB. Let's really turn them down and set the Adjust to -42dB. Now, if you play your keyboard you won't hear any strings. Using your cursor, highlight Source 1 and using your alpha wheel set it to MWheel. Next, use your cursor to highlight Depth and set it to 34dB. Now, play and move the Mod Wheel. Notice the gradual increase. We will assign the Bass to the Controller slider in much the same way. Using your CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone buttons, scroll to layer 3. Highlight ADJUST and set it to -42dB. Highlight SOURCE 1 and set it to DATA. Set the DEPTH to 50 dB. Play the keyboard and notice how you can balance the Strings and bass relative to the Elec Piano in real time. Let's create a user envelope for the strings to make them a bit less dry. Using your CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone buttons, select layer 2 for Strings. Press the MORE> soft key until you see the AMPENV page and press it. Using your alpha wheel, you can toggle back and forth between a user created envelope and the natural envelope. Set the envelope to User. Set Att1: to 1.26 seconds at 100% volume. Next, set Rel1: to 2.60 and notice the nice slow attack and release we created. Remember, your Mod Wheel is controlling the volume of the strings. Now let's create some movement by assigning a dynamic panner (LFO controlled) to the Elec Piano. Select layer 1. Press the soft button until you come to the EFFECT page and press it. Highlight EFFECTS Mode using your cursor and set it to PROGRAM using your alpha wheel. Highlight EFFECTS PRESET and set it to 900 Sweet Hall. Set the Wet/Dry Mix to 48%. This tutorial section is designed to familiarize you with some of the many programming possibilites. SETUP MODE SETUP mode is perhaps the most powerful mode found on the K2000 because of the thousands of combinations and possibilities it offers. Before we move on to look at SETUP mode, let's define what a setup is. A set up is a MIDI transmission configuration which allows the local keyboard to play three MIDI channels at the same time; these three MIDI zones can play different programs and zones may overlap. In PROGRAM mode you can have three layers, but the local keyboard can only transmit on one MIDI channel at a time. In SETUP mode, you can have three programs with up to three layers each and assign each program to a MIDI zone. This means that you can create 9 layer timbres using three programs where each program transmits on a different MIDI channel. Of course, the K2000 can receive all 16 channels for multi-timbral playback. If you are sequencing using a setup, you must select MULTI-RECORD MODE on your sequencer and make sure that you are recording on the same three MIDI channels on which you are transmitting your setup, to ensure that your sequencer records the three corresponding program change messages. Selecting setups will send out three program changes: one for each zone, which can be recorded into sequencers recording multi-timbrally (the internal sequencer will also record setup program changes). Let's take a look at the SETUP section of the K2000. Press the SETUP button and notice that the drop shadow box now shows information about which MIDI channels and which programs are contained in the set up. This display also features the OCTAVE buttons, allowing for easy transposition, a PANIC, or all notes off, button which can be a life saver in a live situation (to silence stuck notes), and a VIEW button which re-sizes the setup name for easy viewing. PROGRAMMING LESSON Let's create a setup to help you understand this section much better. First let's select setup 100 by entering 100 on the keypad and pressing ENTER. The display should show Basic Setup. Notice MIDI channel 1 (also referred to as Zone 1) has program 199 Default Program assigned and it covers the entire range of C-1 to G9 as indicated by the line under the program name. MIDI channel 2 (also referred to as Zone 2) has program None 0 assigned but the default keyboard range also covers the entire keyboard and MIDI channel 3 (or Zone 3) which has program None 0 assigned as well. Press the EDIT button and notice that,in the upper left hand corner, the top highlighted bar shows the zone you are editing. At the bottom of the display, you will see SET RANGE, used to assign the program to a keyboard range, NAME, SAVE, DELETE and DUMP, referring to a Sys Ex command allowing you to dump that particular setup to any Sys Ex recorder. Take a few moments to look at the display. The left column allows you to select LOCAL, MIDI or BOTH (to control that particular zone), select the MIDI transmission channel, TRANSPOSE that zone, and adjust Hi and Low ranges for that zone. The middle column allows you to select whether or not pitch bend and program changes will be transmitted on that particular zone, and the specific effect and wet/dry mix level. The effect and mix levels apply globally to all three zones, since you can only select one eff ect at a time. The right column allows you to assign controllers to functions on a per zone basis. Let's leave DEFAULT PROGRAM assigned to Zone 1 and next select Zone 2 by pressing the Upper CHAN/Bank-Layer/Zone button to the left of the display. Make sure the Program is highlighted and assign program #62 Gospel Organ to Zone 2. Play and listen to the results. Select Zone 3 by again pressing the CHAN/Bank-Layer/Zone button. Select Program # 61 Glasswaves. After assigning this program to zone 3, press your down cursor button to highlight TRANSPOSE. Set the transposition of zone 3 to 12ST and play again. That's all there is to it! Also, you may adjust the individual zone volume by highlighting the 'V' parameter (found at bottom right hand corner of the display) and changing the VALUE (range is from 0-127). One final note: if you wish to edit a particular program in the EDIT SETUP mode, first highlight the program name, then press EDIT. After editing the program, press EXIT and you can rename and save the new program as you did earlier. After saving, you will still be in the EDIT SETUP mode...a nice feature! This works for all operating modes. To name and save your setup, press the NAME soft key and name it as you named programs, and then press SAVE and select the ID# to which you wish to save. User created setups have their own storage places. The first user slots begin at 200, as do programs, but programs and setups draw from different storage lists. Press the Delete soft key if you wish to delete a setup. QUICK ACCESS MODE Next we will look at QUICK ACCESS mode. Let's begin with a definition. We have designed QUICK ACCESS Mode to allow you to call up a program or setup with a minimum amount of button presses. When in this mode, you will select one of 160 user-definable banks. Each of the 160 banks can have 10 selections, for a total of 100 selections. You can think of this as 160 different performance lists (containing both programs and setups) for the ultimate in live performance flexibility. Banks can contain both programs and setups. Before exploring a Quick Access bank, let's look at the way the information is arranged on the display. Press the QUICK ACCESS button and you see the same OCTAVE TRANSPOSE, PANIC, VIEW and MIDI CHANNEL buttons you've seen before. Also notice the top highlighted bar, which shows you the bank number and name. You also see 10 programs and or setups (or any mix). Setups are indicated in the bottom righthand corner of the display and replace the MIDI channel indication shown when programs are selected. The selections are arranged in four rows. The top row contains entries 1-3 from left to right, the second row contains entries 4-6 from left to right, and the third row contains entries 7-9. The bottom row has entry 10 in the middle. The entry numbers are arranged exactly the same as the numbers on the alpha numeric keypad. Notice that the bottom highlighted bar shows the transposition of the bank, the current program or setup, and the MIDI channel. To select entries, use your keypad: #1 = entry 1, #2 = entry 2, and so on...or you may use the cursor buttons: up or down takes you vertically through the bank. Left or right scrolls horizontally through the bank. You may also choose to use the alpha wheel or the -/+ buttons to move forward or backwards through the bank. To select an alternate bank, use the CHAN/BANK buttons to the left of the display. To switch from one Quick Access bank to another, use your CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone buttons or press the +/- (bottom left on keypad) followed by entering the QA bank number you wish to select and press ENTER. Let's explore a QUICK ACCESS bank. First, press the upper CHAN/BANK button until you see #1 Klavier. Press button number 1. Press the EDIT button and notice the display. You see two headings from left to right: ENTRY and TYPE. You also see the program (or setup) list to the right. Under these, you see from left to right the entry number (remember, you have 10 entries per bank), the type of entry (program or setup), the ID#, and the name. At the bottom of the display are NAME, SAVE, DELETE and DUMP just as you saw in SETUP mode. Use the cursor buttons to highlight the entry and turn your alpha wheel to scroll through the 10 entries until you return to #1. Next, highlight TYPE and scroll between PROG and SETUP. Return this field to SETUP. Highlight the ID# and name, and scroll until you see 100 Basic Setup. Create your own banks and name and save as you did in SETUP mode. EDITING AN EFFECT The K2000 has a very up-to-date stereo multi-effects processor. Young Chang/Kurzweil has licensed the effects processor from Digitech Corporation, a manufacturer of high-quality professional signal processors. We'd like to acknowlege their help in making the K2000 a reality. In the K2000, the effects processor can use up to 4 simultaneous effects including: reverb, stereo chorus, stereo delay, EQ, and many others. Add the stereo effects processor to the powerful per channel DSP and you've got tremendous flexibility. For this section we'll use Program 62 Gospel Organ as our basic starting point. Press the PROGRAM button to return to PROGRAM mode. Enter 62 on the keypad. Press the ENTER button. Press the EFFECTS button and let's look at the display. You will see EFFECT, where you select effect programs, WET/DRY MIX which controls the balance between the effected and dry signal, and FX MODE which allows you to specify the manner in which the effect processor is being used. There are several possible choices: MASTER MODE: Applies the same effect to all programs, setups, and quick access banks regardless of program changes. You'll use MASTER mode when playing back multi-timbral sequences through the MIX outputs for an overall reverb or EQ setting. The effects processor only accesses one effect program at a time. PROGRAM MODE: Assigns different effects to different programs. In other words, the effect is part of the program. When you're playing live, you may want your lead synth sound to have a smooth delayed reverb effect and, when you switch to your mean bass, you want just a small amount of chorus and slap. When you're using the K2000 as a drum machine you may need a kit that uses a short gated reverb setting. By sending a program change you can switch to killer toms which use a long gated reverb setting. For more demanding mix down situations, you'll probably want to use the separate outs for additional external effects processing. SETUP MODE: Works like PROGRAM mode, allowing different effects to be stored as part of setups. AUTO MODE: Allows both setups and programs in a Quick Access Bank to use their respective effects. Below the FX MODE is FX CHANNEL (you can select which MIDI channel the effect processor responds to for receiving program changes). You can instruct the effects processor to receive program changes from an external MIDI source such as a sequencer or alternate controller. You may hard assign one specific MIDI channel for this purpose, or select CURRENT, allowing program changes on any channel to automatically change the associated effect program. Let's call up the Effect # 109 Chorus Delay, which we'll be using for this exercise. Highlight the EFFECT parameter and scroll using your alpha wheel until you come to 109 Chorus Delay. Set the Wet/Dry mix to 50%, set the FX MODE to MASTER and the FX CHANNEL to CURRENT. Use the cursor and alpha wheel to highlight and alter specific parameters. Play to confirm that you are using Prog #62 Gospel Organ and effect #109, which is a kind of chorus and delay program. You'll notice that if you move the modulation wheel and listen, the rotory speaker effect will change speeds, speeding up and slowing down. This effect is not created by the multi effects processor, but rather by the 2000's LFOs. There is a Rotary Speaker effect program where you could also create a similar effect. Let's edit the Chorus Delay Effect and we'll see how powerful the processor is. Highlight the EFFECT parameter (#109 Chorus Delay) and press EDIT. Take note of all of the parameters you can edit. Look for a moment at the top highlighted bar showing you the effect algorithm: EQ, CHORUS, 4 TAP DELAY, and MIXER. Let's look at some of the other algorithms by pressing the up or down CHAN /BANK - Layer/Zone button and see the descriptions change. Each algorithm has its own set of parameters which you can edit. Take a moment to edit some of the parameters, play and listen to the changes. Return to the EQ+Cho+4TAP+MIX algorithm and stop. Notice the familiar NAME, SAVE, DELETE and DUMP functions. Let's highlight LFO SPEED and DEPTH and try some variations before we leave this section. Use your cursor to highlight specific fields and your alpha wheel to change the parameter settings. Play to hear the changes. Remember, you can have up to 100 effects programs in memory at any one time, depending on how much user memory you have. MIDI OPERATIONS The K2000 has an extremely flexible MIDI implementation scheme. Let's look closely at how MIDI information is displayed. Press the MIDI button. Notice that the top highlighted bar shows TRANSMIT, indicating that you are looking at the MIDI TRANSMIT page. Look at the bottom highlighted pages showing TRANSMIT, RECEIVE, CHANNELS, PROGRAM CHANGE, RESET CHANNEL, and PANIC (which sends the all notes off command). There are 3 columns, with the left column showing the MIDI transmission channel you will be editing. You can set global MIDI transposition and select whether control is set to LOCAL (keyboard), MIDI, or BOTH. You can select the type of program change scheme you prefer, such as: EXTENDED: Employs the bank system (100 programs per bank) and uses control 0 (32 also will work) to send bank change commands according to the required current MIDI spec. KURZWEIL: A system which Kurzweil implemented in the 1000 and 1200 series products (Version 5 software - a sytem developed prior to acceptance of the bank select system) where 2 program changes are sent concurrently. The first establishes the bank and the second is the actual program number. You may choose the 'older' established 0-127 system as well for use with older MIDI gear. You may select an alternate list: QA Extended, QA Kurzweil, or QA 0-127. You may select preset Velocity and Pressure transmit curves or you may program your own (select a preset curve and press EDIT; you can then visually change the curve, which is displayed !). The middle column allows you to turn program change and pitch bend transmission data on or off. There is a parameter named BUTTONS which allows you to send all control panel buttons out over MIDI (via Sysex) along with your other controllers. You may also disable the transmission of MIDI volume (V), or controller 7, which disables the levels programmed in each of the individual Setup zones. The right column allows you to re-assign your controllers to transmit data as you wish, i.e. ModWhl could be assigned to MIDI controller 7 (to control volume). Let's look at the RECEIVE page by pressing the RECEIVE button. Notice only two columns, with the left column allowing you to select the basic MIDI channel, the MIDI mode: OMNI (the K2000 re-channelizes all 16 channels of MIDI to play on only one MIDI channel), POLY (used to set the K2000 to receive only one MIDI channel, and play only one MIDI channel), and MULTI (the 2000's normal default, where all 16 channels are received and played 'multi-timbrally' on all 16 MIDI channels). You can select whether the K2000 receives mono pressure, poly pressure or both. The ALL NOTES OFF parameter allows you to decide whether or not the K2000 will ignore note off messages. You will use this feature when using a Roland controller or Roland sequencer. You can select the method for receiving program changes with the same options described on the TRANSMIT page. Lastly you can select the velocity and pressure maps which effect the K2000 when controlled by an external MIDI device. For example, if you are sending velocity from an older Yamaha DX-7, you would select a different receive map than if you were sending velocity info from a Kurzweil K1000SE, or K250 to your 2000. Look at the right column, where we can set the K2000's MIDI Sysex ID# (for communicating via Sysex) and SCSI device ID# (the 2000 is a SCSI device and when hooked to a Mac can be seen as such). The BEND SMOOTH parameter allows pitch bend to have 256 controllable steps versus the 'normal' coarse 128 steps the MIDI spec calls for. Our internal engine responds nicely to this feature, although very few other manufacturers support this kind of fine controller resolution. The LOCAL KEYBOARD CHANNEL control allows you to re-channelize incoming MIDI data to respond to a single specified MIDI channel. Imagine that you own a K2000R and a controller. In order to play setups, you would have to program your controller to transmit on the 3 simultaneous channels assigned to your setups in order to hear all three zones. This parameter allows your 2000 to receive one MIDI channel of data sent from an external MIDI controller and re-channelize the incoming MIDI data to play all 3 MIDI zones (channels) corresponding to your setups. Next, we will look at the CHANNEL page and see all the adjustments you can make. You can edit any of the MIDI parameters in real time when playing back multi-timbral sequences. You can lock out program changes, turn down the incoming velocity on one channel, set the desired panning position, etc. The 2000's normal MIDI mode default is MULTI. Let's take a closer look at these features. Press the CHANNEL button. Look at the top highlighted bar and notice that it shows you the current MIDI channel you are editing. By pressing either of the CHAN/BANK- Layer/Zone buttons to the left of the display, you can scroll through all 16 MIDI channels. Scroll around once until you come back to channel 1 and stop. You may turn independent MIDI channels on or off. You may also assign a specific program to a particular MIDI channel. You cannot assign setups as they contain three MIDI channels (all transmitted simultaneously). For each MIDI channel, you may ignore incoming MIDI program changes and override panning and volume assignments. You may LOCK OUT specific MIDI data. LOCK ON will lock out appropriate incoming MIDI data (program changes, volume and panning) while LOCK OFF will accept all incoming data. OUTPUT PAIR allows you to select the output assignments for each MIDI channel. You can select PROG (the program's setting will be unchanged), A (FX) or MIX outs, or the B (Dry) outputs. The 2000 will 'know' if you have any cables plugged into the A or B outputs and will remove any programs/layers assigned to these outs from the MIX outs. OUTPUT GAIN allows you to select the gain (-12dB to +30dB) assignments for each MIDI channel. You can select PROG (uses the program's gain structure) or select the LEVEL you desire (overrides program assignment). Now, press the PROGRAM CHANGE button. This mode allows you to select a MIDI channel and send any program change. The bottom highlighted buttons allow you to change MIDI channels, move forward or backwards through programs, send the program or cancel sending a program change. Programs can be selected by using the alpha wheel, entering the program number on the keypad followed by pressing the ENTER button, or using the -/+ (inc/dec) buttons. MIDI channels may be selected using the CHAN- , CHAN+ soft key buttons, or using the CHAN/BANK-Layer/Zone buttons. This can be very helpful when using the K2000 as a master MIDI controller. Now press the CANCEL soft button or EXIT to exit this page. To the right of the PROGRAM CHANGE button is the RESET CHANNEL button, used to restore all MIDI channel assignments or edits you've made in the CHANNEL page back to their original factory defaults. This is a global command and will reset ALL channels. Let's imagine you've just finished mixing one sequence and you want to set up for another, you can quickly reset many parameters with the touch of one button - a real time saving feature. Once again we see to the far right the PANIC button, which sends the all notes off command (used to silence stuck notes, and reset controllers). A lot of thought went into organizing all the MIDI parameters in this configuration to make your MIDI life a lot easier and save you time. Moving right along, let's look at the Master parameters. MASTER OPERATIONS Press the MASTER button and notice that the top highlighted bar indicates the amount of user battery-backed RAM available and how much sample RAM is available (provided you have installed any sample RAM SIMMs). At the bottom of the display are from left to right: DUMP: Allows you to select a bank (i.e. 200-299) which can be transmitted out via sysex over MIDI, DELETE: To 'erase' a bank, series of banks, or user created master parameter settings, etc., UTILITY: There are 4 sub-menus under this page which are: 1. MIDI: selects MIDI Scopea, a handy utility used to diagnose a particular MIDI problem, or view a MIDI stream of data, 2. Objects: allows you to view your user created objects (in RAM, both non-volatile and volatile), 3. Voices: allows you to view the number of channels you are using at any one time, 4. Stealer: allows you to view the dynamic voice allocation scheme in real time (watch decaying voices/channels). SAMPLE: (only with the sampling option installed or with Version 2 software). Takes you to the sampler input page. Sampling is covered more thoroughly in SMP-k and SMP-r SAMPLING OPTIONS later in this tutorial, PANIC: Sends the all notes off command, RESET: Hard resets (erases) all user created objects and clears all user memory and is only used to initialize your 2000 back to original factory specifications. Global parameters include: TUNE: You can adjust the tuning +/- 100 cents, TRANSPOSE: You can adjust the transposition +/- 127 semi-tones, DRUM CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT: You may designate only one MIDI channel as the Drum Channel. Programs assigned to the Drum Channel may have up to 32 layers which can be split or stacked, VELOCITY TOUCH: Allows you to select global velocity maps. There are 17 velocity maps in ROM (you can press EDIT and alter any of the ROM 'templates' using the great graphically displayed maps), PRESSURE TOUCH: Allows you to select global pressure maps. There are 8 pressure maps in ROM (you can press EDIT and alter any of the ROM 'templates' using the graphically displayed maps), INTONATION: Allows you to select one of the 17 tuning tables in ROM, or create your own. There is a simple, easy way to use the graphic display of the scale intervals of an octave (C - C) of which each may be altered. More complex intonation tunings may be created on a per program basis, by adjusting key tracking or editing a keymap (you can actually assign 3 different ROM or RAM sample roots per key where each sample must be set to a user selectable velocity cross switch (ppp, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff, fff), and where each root can be individually tuned!!). OUTPUT: Allows you to configure your audio outputs to be stereo or mono. EFFECT: Allows you assign the effect processor to be sent out the MIX outs as a stereo or mono signal (routed to the L & R MIX outs in stereo, or routed to the L Mix out only). DISPLAY: Allows you to set the contrast of your display for greater legibility. CONFIRMATIONS: Allows you to disable messages such as 'Are you sure?', or 'Warning', etc., which function as protective reminders. INTONATION KEY: Sets the intonation table's relative starting pitch (when editing an intonation table, the display shows an octave: C -C). Changing the Intonation Key changes the octave start and end keys (the graphic display always shows C - C but the interval relationships change). Global intonation tables allow you to adjust the intervals within an octave only. If you wish to create more sophisticated tables you may do so from the KEYMAP editor (within a particular program) on a per program basis. See Intonation (above) for information of custom per key tuning. If you want to do a soft reset which will not harm user-created programs, setups, etc., press the - / + button plus the 0 button and the CLR button all simultaneously and the display will go blank temporarily and then return to the normal program mode.